Backcountry Pilot • Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

contactflying wrote:Math and POH are only a beginning, and can certainly help make the decision to wait until better conditions. Mistakes will be made, however. If we use the basic low ground effect takeoff on all but ITO, we will have the extra low ground effect energy when things don't go as math and POH say they will. Aircraft fly and accelerate much quicker in low ground effect.

When taking off downhill or spraying downhill, it is hard to stay in low, effective ground effect. This is especially true when there are obstructions at the end of the landing zone or spray run. This, however, may be the very place where we most need the extra energy of low ground effect.

I have used the low ground effect takeoff for all takeoffs, except ITOs, for the last 35 years. Only a few times has it saved my life. I still believe it is worth it.


I have used this method a lot as well. Rotate as soon as it will fly, raise the tail, accelerate and leave ground effect at 75-80 indicated (Cessna 180). At 80 ias full power in the 180, you can usually gain quite a bit of altitude in a hurry, but there is definitely a point where that energy is exhausted and will not do much for you.

In high DA with a heavy plane, you can sometimes accelerate in ground effect, but come up short on thrust to overcome the induced drag necessary to get up and keep climbing. A couple of times flying my old 170 loaded up, I tried this and discovered that it would break ground in under 1000 ft, accelerate a little, but actually wouldn't really climb out of ground effect.

The four guys in the Stinson at Bruce Meadows a few years ago were an excellent example of this. He had all sorts of room to accelerate in low ground effect, but when it came time to climb up over the rising terrain, guess what?

It's true that water flows downhill and you can stay low over the river, unless the canyon is too narrow or bend's more tightly than you can maneuver, which is the case at some spots on Loon Creek downstream from Upper Loon airstrip.

I saw a Mooney M20 come in to Big Creek way too hot, execute a go around and slam in to a pickup truck because he couldn't outclimb the terrain. He had a fair amount of airspeed, but just couldn't get enough altitude.

Zoom climbs are an important point in energy management but only extra margins in your planning can be counted upon when invisible factors stack up against you on takeoff. Your options can really go from two to zero immediately in this scenario.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

lesuther wrote:Very sad.

I've had issues coming out of the strip twice. The first time was as a passenger flying with one of the most experienced 135 pilots back there. We took off light in a 185 and ended up dodging terrain for a good long 15 seconds or more. He had left a plane on the valley floor years before in the same area. The second time was a few years later and I was flying a far less capable plane, and had 600+ feet under me that turned into something on the order of 50 feet in just a few seconds and stayed that way for quite a while. The common factor was stronger upper winds at the ridgetops.

Nobody knows what happened, and conditions may have been very different. It would be interesting to know if anyone else has had a similar experience at this strip or the others in tbe canyon in the past. I just wish everyone could make it back home.


What time of the day were these at?
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

I'm going to get flamed for this. It's April in Idaho, it's not like it gets hot. 6958 isn't that high of DA for the ID backcountry and I'd imagine the guy flew into Loon a fair amount since he owns the lodge. Being loaded up heavy with equipment and people very well could have been the problem. He also could have done everything right and lost the engine on departure or had some other failure.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

whee wrote:I'm going to get flamed for this. It's April in Idaho, it's not like it gets hot. 6958 isn't that high of DA for the ID backcountry and I'd imagine the guy flew into Loon a fair amount since he owns the lodge. Being loaded up heavy with equipment and people very well could have been the problem. He also could have done everything right and lost the engine on departure or had some other failure.


That's absolutely true Whee. I was not implying that I know anything about what happened, just analyzing the accident with what info is available. If there was an engine failure on takeoff, we will possibly never know. The point in looking at the numbers is just to see what kind of room for error they might have had in hopes that we can all learn from the tragedy.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Engine stoppage is easy to detect. Propeller would be first place to look. I learned that from an NTSB investigator who gave a talk at USCG Airstation, Barbers Point, Hawaiii.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Scolopax wrote:That's absolutely true Whee. I was not implying that I know anything about what happened, just analyzing the accident with what info is available. If there was an engine failure on takeoff, we will possibly never know. The point in looking at the numbers is just to see what kind of room for error they might have had in hopes that we can all learn from the tragedy.


That wasn't directed at you Scolopax. I was going to run the numbers too but you beat me too it. There wasn't any margin by the numbers you shared but we know how the book isn't always accurate. It seemed everyone was focused on what the pilot did wrong and I just wanted to point out that maybe he did nothing wrong and more shit hit the fan than could be dealt with. An engine out coming out of Loon would be deadly but so would being too heavy. I have no experience in a 210 but it seems like unless he was loaded down with a bunch of equipment he should have been able to make it out of there. Mackay isn't Challis and Challis isn't Upper Loon but if they were leaving at 1:30pm that is the same time we were leaving Mackay. The weather was real nice for flying where I was and Challis was reporting the same. I'd wager Loon was just as good but since we weren't there I guess we'll never know for sure.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

whee wrote:
Scolopax wrote:That's absolutely true Whee. I was not implying that I know anything about what happened, just analyzing the accident with what info is available. If there was an engine failure on takeoff, we will possibly never know. The point in looking at the numbers is just to see what kind of room for error they might have had in hopes that we can all learn from the tragedy.


That wasn't directed at you Scolopax. I was going to run the numbers too but you beat me too it. There wasn't any margin by the numbers you shared but we know how the book isn't always accurate. It seemed everyone was focused on what the pilot did wrong and I just wanted to point out that maybe he did nothing wrong and more shit hit the fan than could be dealt with. An engine out coming out of Loon would be deadly but so would being too heavy. I have no experience in a 210 but it seems like unless he was loaded down with a bunch of equipment he should have been able to make it out of there. Mackay isn't Challis and Challis isn't Upper Loon but if they were leaving at 1:30pm that is the same time we were leaving Mackay. The weather was real nice for flying where I was and Challis was reporting the same. I'd wager Loon was just as good but since we weren't there I guess we'll never know for sure.


We know there were 4 people in the plane to survey a job site. May not have been gross.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

idair wrote:What time of the day were these at?

Crack of dawn both times. The winds up at 9k were blustery, but the valleys were calm.

There can be downdrafts at drainage confluences that can be a real surprise in blustery weather. I brought it up because they can be a factor even for experienced pilots. I've been in and out of the strip a lot, especially back before the fires, since it is a great area to fish and hike and is an easy strip. I can't speculate at all on the tragedy, but high DA, weight, and changeable weather common in the spring there would close the odds pretty fast.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Good points whee...its all possible...i know in my turbo 182 if u over boost it, u then have some pretty good issues as well...the 210 was a T i believe....guess we really dont know, and guess it dont much matter as we lost some pretty good guys...so sorry for all involved's losses....
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Scolopax,

I missed your post with comments on the Stinson at Bruce Meadows. He did a very good job flying all the way to the crash. That is why they survived. You are right about the climb performance or lack of in the mountains. A zoom climb will get us over a hump or trees, but we have to level the airplane over the obstruction. Also Vy + zoom may play out so why not go to max speed in low ground effect, where possible? And why not go around the obstruction if possible. In low ground effect, rudder turns, while holding the wing level with aileron, work well. At Bruce Meadows, there was plenty of grassy terrain prior to the trees on the hill. He could have rudder turned until pointed back down hill, if he had stayed in low ground effect.

Where doe the need for altitude come from. We only need to miss things and going around is safer than over. We need to know which way is down hill and stay in ground effect until obstructions force us to zoom up. We need to not kill all our airspeed and mush or stall. We need to immediately level over the obstruction we cannot go around. Missing it by fifty feet is dangerous in a tight situation. Miss it by one foot. Faster will defeat downdraft better than higher and slower. If we don't pull back on the stick, we can turn at whatever bank is necessary to stay in the drainage.

No. We can't always make it around or over. But, if we always take off down hill and always fly all the way to the crash, we will almost always survive.

All this can't happen by just keeping it in the back of our mind for an emergency. Once low ground effect is given up, it is almost impossible to get it back. If we have the habit of climbing immediately on liftoff, we need to practice enough low ground effect takeoffs to extinguish that bad habit. A good way to practice enough low ground effect takeoffs is to make all takeoffs, except ITO, low ground effect takeoffs. Tower doesn't care. Don't worry about what other pilots will think. Practice staying in low ground effect as long as possible and then rudder turning around or zooming over the obstruction and then leveling low over the obstruction.

Thanks for the good comments,

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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

contactflying wrote:At Bruce Meadows, there was plenty of grassy terrain prior to the trees on the hill. He could have rudder turned until pointed back down hill, if he had stayed in low ground effect.


The Stinson at Bruce meadows was taking off down hill on runway 23. The grassy valley straight ahead funnels into a single point surrounded by tall trees. I doubt he would have been able to rudder turn his way around anything with the lack of climb performance he was getting and trees getting closer and closer. I agree he could have held it in ground effect longer before he got to the trees and may have had slightly more energy to try to climb over the trees but probably still would have been screwed. There is a creek he could have followed down hill but it is about a mile north of the airfield and would have required a 90 degree right turn at midfield to get to, followed by another 90 degree left turn. That would have been awfully hard or impossible for him to get to at his weight and the DA. Density altitude at the time of the crash was over 9,100ft. He should have never been taking off with 4 people and bags in those conditions. He could have shuttled the load in separate trips out to cascade, carrying a lot less weight each trip... Or wait till the evening when temps were cooler to take off... Or both.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

contactflying wrote:Faster will defeat downdraft better than higher and slower. If we don't pull back on the stick, we can turn at whatever bank is necessary to stay in the drainage.

+1
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

jomac wrote:Good points whee...its all possible...i know in my turbo 182 if u over boost it, u then have some pretty good issues as well...the 210 was a T i believe....guess we really dont know, and guess it dont much matter as we lost some pretty good guys...so sorry for all involved's losses....
The T210 is almost impossible to overboost other than just momentarily, with a quick shove of the throttle. The automatic waste gate takes over and immediately brings the MP down below redline--it might go over redline by a couple of inches, before that happens. But unlike a 182, the T210's wing needs more speed to provide lift than the 182's wing. So like it or not, the only real successful way to get it to climb is to wait until it's ready, which means using low ground effect as long as possible to get up to speed. The heavier it is, the longer that takes (I guess that's obvious, right?).

It is a shame, though, that if the engine was perking along OK, it was an avoidable accident had the take off been postponed until it was cooler. Whatever the cause, there are some suffering families.

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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

It took me a bit in the 180 on floats to learn that even if I can get it off the water at 55, you cant pull back at 60 and get anywhere, but it really takes a very few seconds to break water level off and accelerate to 90 then pull back. It is a learned behavior to wait till those trees are REALLY close then zoom over or around them instead of trying to out climb them a half mile before you get to them.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Rob56,

I have no problem with splitting loads or waiting for cooler temps. Either would have been a better solution in both cases. I am arguing for teaching, practicing, and using techniques that will help at the oops, I screwed up point. Some of us do screw up from time to time.

If you have never tried going around obstacles in low ground effect, get out in a big flat field and try it. It takes tremendously less engine power to fly in low ground effect. It makes cross controlled rudder turns entirely possible. Going up high enough to clear the wing to make a coordinated turn is less effective because we lose the extra energy of low ground effect. We do it with a full load (overload) spraying. We do it with the max load were comfortable with at high density altitude like in the San Louis Valley. We don't try to go over anything we can go around.

Using low ground effect on all takeoffs is a safety issue. We just don't know when we might need it. Once we leave low ground effect, it is lost and the load on the engine becomes great. We don't know if it would have gotten the Stinson over. He got up to fifteen or twenty feet way too early. I expect it would have. It would have at least allowed a turn toward lower terrain. We don't know about the T-210. We don't know about our next takeoff. It is just safer if we have the habit of staying in low ground effect as long as possible.

You can say I'm smarter than the Stinson pilot or the T-210 pilot and I am going to use the POH and I am always going to split loads and I am always going to wait for better conditions and I am never going to be in that situation. I am unwilling to say that because I have been there. I expect to be there every time I take off. Things don't always go as expected or planned. For me, using techniques that assume the worst will happen have worked well. I have always expected the engine to fail on takeoff so the low ground effect takeoff helped when it did. I have always expected to have trouble getting stopped on landing so I have always touched down on the numbers just in case. Sure enough there were time animals or equipment showed up on the runway at the last minute.

Thanks for the good comments,

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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Hello fellow aviators~
I am investigating the accident that occurred at Upper Loon Creek Airport that you are discussing on this thread. I am trying to find any recent pictures that depict the trees at the end of runway 040 (my scouring of youtube videos has been unhelpful). Additionally, I am trying to determine what pilots' "normal" departure technique is when taking off from that strip.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks and blue skies, Zoë

Zoë Keliher | National Transportation Safety Board
Air Safety Investigator / Aircraft Accident Investigator
Portland, Oregon | 97209
Email: [email protected]
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Images and videos here: http://www.shortfield.com/sfx/?sno=04167.1*A

A clip of final approach that I took some time ago:
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

Normal departure is downriver. If I'm heading north or south, I'll stay in the drainage until I have enough altitude to clear the ridge lines in the direction I need to go. If I'm heading west, I'll fly downriver past the rock outcropping to where the canyon widens (3-4 miles) and use that area to reverse direction and/or climb (if needed). I'm flying a C205. Hope this helps.

Kudos to you for reaching out to the backcountry community for insight.
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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

I also appreciate that the NTSB is reaching out to those who already know the strip and the surrounding territory. Too often, we see the results of investigations by various agencies conducted by people who may have good investigative talents but not in the area in which they're investigating.

I was saddened today to learn that one of the passengers was the son of a man I know here in Fort Collins--there was an obit in the local paper. He and I aren't close at all, but I know him and have used his professional services on behalf of clients in the past (he's a psychologist). The young man and his wife lived in Driggs. It's a small world.

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Re: Crash at Upper Loon Creek, Challis, ID

NTSB Preliminary report posted:

http://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief.aspx?ev_id=20150411X00127

NTSB Identification: WPR15FA143
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Friday, April 10, 2015 in Challis, ID
Aircraft: CESSNA T210M, registration: N732YQ
Injuries: 4 Fatal.

This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed. NTSB investigators either traveled in support of this investigation or conducted a significant amount of investigative work without any travel, and used data obtained from various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
On April 10, 2015 about 1315 mountain daylight time, a Cessna Centurion T210M, N732YQ, collided with trees shortly after departing from Upper Loon Creek USFS Airport located in the Salmon-Challis National Forest near Challis, Idaho. The pilot, who was the registered owner, was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. The private pilot and three passengers sustained fatal injuries; the airplane sustained substantial damage. The personal cross-country flight was originating from Upper Loon Creek with a planned destination of Driggs-Reed Memorial Airport, Driggs, Idaho. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan had been filed.

The pilot had a solar energy system installed on his residence in the Driggs area and wanted the same solar company, Creative Energies, to assess if it was possible to do a similar installation at his private residence at Diamond D Ranch, where he was a partial owner. The pilot had been staying in Driggs for several days and had planned to take a few of the Creative Energies employees to the ranch to perform an evaluation of the solar installation possibilities. Earlier in the week, he notified the ranch manager that he intended on flying into Upper Loon Creek, located about two miles downstream from the ranch on a northeasterly heading. During the winter, the ranch is only practically accessible by flying into the airport.

The pilot and three passengers departed from Driggs with the airplane loaded with full fuel in the wing tanks. After completing the approximate 170 nautical mile (nm) cross-country flight, the airplane landed at Upper Loon Creek. The solar employees performed their assessment and they all left the ranch about 1300 at which time the pilot told the ranch personnel that he wanted to depart before the wind picked up (the wind at the ranch was about 5 mph). There were no witnesses to the accident, nor did anyone at the ranch hear the airplane depart.

The accident site was located partially submerged in the shallow creek; the fuselage along with a majority of the wing skin was consumed by fire. Situated on the relatively level terrain, the airplane came to rest inverted and the debris path was oriented on a 080-degree magnetic heading. The main wreckage, which consisted of a majority of the airframe and engine, was located about 600 feet from the fence located at the end of runway 040 on a heading of 060 degrees. The runway and first identified impact marks were located on a raised plateau about 40 feet higher than the river.

The first identified impact point consisted of broken tree limbs located about 170 feet northeast from the center of the fence and about 430 feet south west of the main wreckage. The first tree impacted was identified by it having a junction where two separate branches forked upward, both of which had fresh cuts around the 50 foot level. The tree was located in line with the far right side of the fence, which was about 100 feet east of an extended runway centerline. There were numerous broken branches along the debris field to the main wreckage. The nose wheel was located about 100 feet from the first tree and remained on the plateau. The outboard half of the left horizontal stabilizer was found in the river around the same length down the debris field as the nose landing gear. The leading edge was deformed aft about 1 foot creating an accordion appearance, with the aluminum skin folded over on itself. This u-shaped divot was about 10 inches in diameter and similar in shape and size to that of a landing gear wheel.

The wreckage was recovered for further examination.
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