Backcountry Pilot • Landing site evaluation

Landing site evaluation

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Re: Landing site evaluation

This discussion reminds me of the Alaska off airport guide. I was up in the Brooks Range sheep hunting with my Super Cub a few years ago. We had landed at Atigun Pass to fuel the cub with all the 5gal cans previously crammed into the Firmin Pod. I have been ramp checked in Alaska in some very odd places and this was one of them. Some random fellow came strolling up not wearing any camo or usual Alaskan attire. What really gave it away was the SUV with the FAA sticker. #-o Luckily he was just from the FAA FAASTeam. More of the safety information branch of the local FAA rather then the enforcement. After some serious sweating I realized I wasn't going to get ramped. It wasn't a big deal to get ramped, I had just forgotten my STC flight manual supplement for the 2500lb gross weight. :lol: This fellow was handing out these cute spiral bound Alaska Off Airport Guides.
https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/divisions/alaskan_region/media/AOAOG_Web.pdf
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Landing site evaluation

PAMR MX, I was pretty impressed with their guide and have that linked as well in our Knowledge > Off-airport operations section.

Nice to see them doing something constructive.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

I'd add something but Gump and Contact used up the forum's quota on plus signs for the day.

:D :D
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Re: Landing site evaluation

As you say, that's a nice leaflet, but it doesn't extend to DA over six or eight thousand feet, doesn't allow for different weights, and ignores sloping sites.

On the other hand, the modified Air Force trick of measuring actual ground speed in a stall in the pattern or high pass allows for weight, wind and any DA. Armed with that speed and the physical dimensions (length and height) of the landing site it's straightforward mental arithmetic to predict whether a properly executed landing can be made without excessive braking.

I didn't mean to ruffle quite so many feathers, but I find the method is simple and accurate and I just wondered if anyone else might care to try it. No problem if not, but please let me know if you do.

P.S. if nothing else this thread has cleared up the weather here - clear skies and ground frost now :)
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Re: Landing site evaluation

N-Jacko wrote:As you say, that's a nice leaflet, but it doesn't extend to DA over six or eight thousand feet, doesn't allow for different weights, and ignores sloping sites.

On the other hand, the modified Air Force trick of measuring actual ground speed in a stall in the pattern or high pass allows for weight, wind and any DA. Armed with that speed and the physical dimensions (length and height) of the landing site it's straightforward mental arithmetic to predict whether a properly executed landing can be made without excessive braking.

I didn't mean to ruffle quite so many feathers, but I find the method is simple and accurate and I just wondered if anyone else might care to try it. No problem if not, but please let me know if you do.

P.S. if nothing else this thread has cleared up the weather here - clear skies and ground frost now :)


With a fair bit of time and practice in your plane at the exercises pointed out here, you'll develop a good feel for when your airplane is approaching critical AOA. With your method you have to spend a lot of time staring at the airspeed instrument, at a time when your eyes should be outside and focused on the LZ. That's the problem I see with what you're describing.

No ruffled feathers here.

FWIW

MTV
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Re: Landing site evaluation

Yeah, no worries on ruffling feathers. This is the great kind of topic we should be discussing here. The biggest challenge is determining who's actually landed off airport and who's only read about it.

And N-Jacko your other article is in the queue :)
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Re: Landing site evaluation

I double down on what MTV just said. I flew only four place or smaller airplanes, but I never glanced at anything inside the airplane the last forty thousand or so contact approaches. Really tight fields require our attention outside. At normal airports with long runways, it would seem this obsessive observation outside is unnecessary. Because of greater possibility of traffic, however, the home airport requires our full attention outside also.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

I was swinging logs on a log McMansion project for two weeks straight, and every other time I'd rotate I got this view.
Image

On a lunch break I walked the shoreline, (the job site is on the left) and came back today to land it.

Image

Didn't measure it or anything (not that's there is anything wrong with that), just eyeballed it. It went as planned, though the snow depth was just deep and crusty enough for me to drag it twice and get a feel for things. As you can see the landing was pretty short, no braking of course. 7 degrees temps! After eyeballing this for so long on that boring job, it was super satisfying to come back and "kick it's ass" :twisted:
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Re: Landing site evaluation

I cannot imagine stalling my airplane in a "pattern" above an unfamiliar landing area to determine if there's enough room. If the pilot did that to me as a passenger, I would be searching the cockpit for a fire extinguisher to knock his ass out with. No offense. [emoji1]
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Re: Landing site evaluation

Energy management turns and time on target out the front windscreen. Low recon in ground effect. Test touchdowns, etc. No dam level, high load factor turns.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

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When in doubt, don't.

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...and...this guy was flying way before the Wright brothers, Bleriot, and others ....even if it was only a kite... O:)
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Re: Landing site evaluation

gbflyer wrote:I cannot imagine stalling my airplane in a "pattern" above an unfamiliar landing area to determine if there's enough room. If the pilot did that to me as a passenger, I would be searching the cockpit for a fire extinguisher to knock his ass out with. No offense. [emoji1]

Hahahaha =D>
Good call.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

N-Jacko wrote:MTV's method obviously works, but I would liken it to making a ballistic table for long-range shooting by measuring actual bullet trajectory (windage and elevation) at various ranges.

That can be done, and it works after a fashion, but to an engineer it seems like the hard way when we can plug wind, range, atmospheric pressure, temperature, muzzle velocity and ballistic coefficient into a simple equation and kill or convert our V-bull sighters to finish our string before an unreadable squall catches out our competitors. Of course, we need experience (and more than a little luck) to estimate wind for long range shooting, particularly in the mountains.

An airplane is just another machine which obeys the laws of physics, so if we're happy to trust engineering calculations as we drive across a new bridge, we should be able to do the same for take-off and landing.

I'm not for a moment suggesting that experience is unimportant, but if we ignore the science and just treat off-airport flying as an art, we're just not using the tools developed over centuries by the human race.

I've found that the above formula correlates pretty well with actual landings, in spite of the seemingly broad assumptions involved (many of which tend to cancel each other). Doing the same for take-off shouldn't be beyond the wit of man. Our VSI gives an indication of net power available at that place and time, and all other data for the energy calculation can be measured on site or beforehand.


I am still using a ballistic table for long range.
I like it better, it doesn't run out of batteries on a 10 day long-range hunt in sub zero conditions, and it seldom (if ever) lets me down. I tend to be the weak link in the equation haha.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

Really tight fields require our attention outside. .... Because of greater possibility of traffic, however, the home airport requires our full attention outside also.


Yes, it goes without saying that whatever method used to evaluate the landing site, and whichever of the three common approach methods (stall down, constant apparent rate of closure or aim short), there's nothing useful to be gained from looking at dials on the panel.

There's not a lot of traffic at my own home airport, but even such a benign one-way warrants attention out of the window on final :)

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Re: Landing site evaluation

I cannot imagine stalling my airplane in a "pattern" above an unfamiliar landing area to determine if there's enough room. If the pilot did that to me as a passenger, I would be searching the cockpit for a fire extinguisher to knock his ass out with. No offense.


None taken, but if there's really a pilot somewhere who's nervous of stalling a bushplane at 1,000 ft agl then his aircraft probably needs re-rigging and/or he might benefit from some stall/spin practice at his next BFR. No offence.

The test-stall in the pattern (or "circuit", as we call it) was a method taught and used by our air force (or what's left of it :( ). It's really nothing to be afraid of. I find it's a quick, easy and safe and direct way to confirm actual performance at any weight and density altitude. Since our ground roll distance varies as the square of the touch-down ground speed, it is worth determining that speed as accurately as we can.
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Re: Landing site evaluation

The word "stall" is dangerously misinterpreted from my experience.

Everything from "Buffeting" to a "Flat-spin" are called "Stalls" in this country. And every aircraft is going to handle slightly different.

Example (only for descriptive purpose):

8GCBC forward CG AT GROSS level non accelerated: Benign drop of the nose will generally net 100-200' loss for an average pilot.

PA-23-250C forward CG AT GROSS level non accelerated: Benign drop of the nose will generally net 300-350' loss for an average pilot.
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Landing site evaluation

And, that stall speed at 1000 ft agl means nothing while in low ground effect when you're slowing down for real, to transition from flying to rolling on the ground. Your ASI is going to read zero before you ever touch the ground.

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Re: Landing site evaluation

Gump (and others), please do read the OP!

The point of measuring actual stall speed (note that I wrote GPS ground speed, not air speed!) at 1,000 agl is not to have a figure to nail the ASI to on final. That's just ludicrous, on- or off-airport. We all agree that eyes need to be OUT of the cockpit once the pilot has developed a degree of feel for his machine.

Measuring actual stall speed allows us to determine (with due allowance for wind and ground effect) what the kinetic energy will be on touchdown. From that KE, and knowing also the potential energy gained on roll-out, we can estimate ground roll (or braking) required with ease and accuracy.

The equation in the OP may look too simple to work, but if you care to check it against your own data or experience, I think you'll be surprised. If not, or if you can't be bothered, that's fine - by all measn say so, but please don't criticise what I didn't write :)
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Re: Landing site evaluation

I did, and your formula still doesn't account for the way slower than stall speeds found in low ground effect flight that a lot of us use for STOL ops.

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Re: Landing site evaluation

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