Backcountry Pilot • Stall spin scenario

Stall spin scenario

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Re: Stall spin scenario

contactflying wrote:MTV,

Energy management (ground effect zoom reserve, yo yos trading airspeed for altitude and altitude for airspeed, always letting the nose go down naturally in the turn, and working crosswind back and forth from the downwind side of the field to the upwind side) give crop dusters and air to ground gunnery pilots a tremendous advantage over those who must circle low level. That is why I have always wondered why those who hunt or count animals by air don't make use of air to ground gunnery and crop duster tactics and techniques.

Contact


Jim,

I do use a modified method of looking at stuff on the ground. Essentially a series of 270 degree turns, with the airplane wings level and un accelerated while over the "target".

Unfortunately, most folks who don't do this stuff for a living seem to think that the reason they were taught to do turns around a point in pilot training was so that they could see stuff on the ground.....hence the name ground reference maneuvers. You and I both know that the reason for teaching that procedure was quite different.

In any case, I stopped circling stuff continuously a number of years ago.....buried too many friends who were better pilots than me who were circling animals.

MTV
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Mike,

I haven't talked about the P turn or return to target as it's more complicated. It is actually two energy management turns. Coming out of the spray or gun run, we fall off the target in a slightly downwind energy mandanagement turn for spacing. We pull up again into the slightly more than 180 degree energy management turn upwind and crosswind back to the target. Not quite 270 but more than 180.

The jet boys like Rob race track or use a mild wing over to return to target. They are so fast a Pawnee style P turn would take them completely out of sight.

I feel for the pilots that have to put a pax in a position to see. With oil company men, I put them low and directly over the right of way. The many energy management turns necessary to stay over the line made some sick but they could actually see the line. With just a short lesson, many could handle the controls which helped. It was no more than once yearly with each line.

Jim
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Re: Stall spin scenario

mtv wrote:
contactflying wrote:MTV,

Energy management (ground effect zoom reserve, yo yos trading airspeed for altitude and altitude for airspeed, always letting the nose go down naturally in the turn, and working crosswind back and forth from the downwind side of the field to the upwind side) give crop dusters and air to ground gunnery pilots a tremendous advantage over those who must circle low level. That is why I have always wondered why those who hunt or count animals by air don't make use of air to ground gunnery and crop duster tactics and techniques.

Contact


Jim,

I do use a modified method of looking at stuff on the ground. Essentially a series of 270 degree turns, with the airplane wings level and un accelerated while over the "target".

Unfortunately, most folks who don't do this stuff for a living seem to think that the reason they were taught to do turns around a point in pilot training was so that they could see stuff on the ground.....hence the name ground reference maneuvers. You and I both know that the reason for teaching that procedure was quite different.

In any case, I stopped circling stuff continuously a number of years ago.....buried too many friends who were better pilots than me who were circling animals.

MTV


Very early in my training in December 1972, we were flying just the other side of the Knik Arm from Anchorage. I think we were somewhere in the ground reference maneuver stage of training when my instructor said, "Look there--there's a moose!" Naturally, I started to circle around it, as I don't think I'd ever seen a moose from the air. Within a few seconds, he said, "OK, level the wings, and look at what you're doing." I had lost altitude and was now down to about 300' above the ground, and my airspeed had dropped significantly. We then had a discussion about "moose stalls" and crashing because of paying attention to the moose instead of to the airplane. It was a valuable lesson, one that I've never forgotten.

Of course, we still train with turns around a point and eights on pylons for commercial, but the purpose for those isn't to look at the fence post or section corner or what have you, but to understand and counter the effects of wind on that circle or pylon 8 while keeping the airplane under control. When we are distracted by staring at what we are circling, even the best pilot can get into a situation from which there is no recovery.

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Re: Stall spin scenario

There has been a lot of good discussion....
-a lot depends on the plane. A T6 (yes, I know, not a backcountry plane) will stall with little warning, and go over on it’s back quickly. I teach in one, and have checked out a number of guys...and this is the #1 thing that I work with them on. You *have* to be able to “feel the wing”. Most airplanes give a lot more warning than the Six, but it gives a little warning, and (to the point Contact makes) if you keep pulling, it will “depart” and depending on the plane, and where the ball is at the break, it will either go left or right (inside or outside, in a turn). Unloading the wing, correct rudder input, and it will fly again quickly.

-You can “load the wing” at any attitude. One of the few things I disagree with Contact on is that “if the nose is low you’re okay”. Not always true...(and Contact, if I misunderstood you, I apologize). I’ve had students get an accelerated stall on the back side of a loop with the nose pointed straight down. It’s the wing exceeding it’s critical angle of attack that does it.


-I find that my Husky gives tremendous warning....once students feel the accelerated stall, then it seems they can always feel the stall “nibbling”. Learn this for your plane! Yes, Emergency maneuver training, or spins (which were force fed to me in 1973 in my 140) will help you...but practice *in your plane*. Learn how/where/when it “breaks” or “unhooks”.

-While maintaining good engine temps....you almost “can’t practice slow flight too much”. Limit engine power. Change the CG (doing practice by yourself, with a forward CG, doesn’t help when you have the back of your plane loaded to the gills)....(not advocating loading up innocents, but put some stuff in the back. It may change your plane’s characteristics a lot). You want to simulate high/hot/heavy.


-My students share a common gripe....”Flying with him makes my shirt soaked”. I’ve also had a couple come back and say that the type of practice listed above saved their bacon.
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Re: Stall spin scenario

contactflying wrote:Mike,

I haven't talked about the P turn or return to target as it's more complicated. It is actually two energy management turns. Coming out of the spray or gun run, we fall off the target in a slightly downwind energy mandanagement turn for spacing. We pull up again into the slightly more than 180 degree energy management turn upwind and crosswind back to the target. Not quite 270 but more than 180.

The jet boys like Rob race track or use a mild wing over to return to target. They are so fast a Pawnee style P turn would take them completely out of sight.

I feel for the pilots that have to put a pax in a position to see. With oil company men, I put them low and directly over the right of way. The many energy management turns necessary to stay over the line made some sick but they could actually see the line. With just a short lesson, many could handle the controls which helped. It was no more than once yearly with each line.

Jim


Jim,

One of the differences between the type of work you're discussing and the type I'm discussing is the fact that I'd generally have a passenger (aka "observer") in the back. First time you start doing yo-yo's, or climbing and descending turns, you're going to experience puke down the back of your neck. And, in all seriousness, if your observer is filling bags, he or she isn't doing the job that they are in the back seat to do. So, at that point, the mission is compromised.

It's impossible to look at stuff on the ground, regardless of technique, for very long without being assigned a puker for your back seat. I've had some absolutely bullet proof back seaters in my career, and I always valued those folks truly. But, we don't always get to choose our observer. Doing goat and sheep surveys, however, I always drew the line, and chose my observers. In any case, doing that stuff, the pukers generally conceded that the back seat was no place for them during those kinds of flights.

I always remember doing a sheep survey flight one summer. 00:400 departure, in the mountains by 04:40. First unit was done, and started the transit to the next.....smelled coffee and heard crinkling noise from the back.....Jim, my observer, had just poured himself a cup of coffee from his thermos and was reading the morning paper that he'd picked up at the paper office enroute to the airport......THAT guy was bombproof, and a great observer. And, he was my sheep survey observer for fifteen plus years.

Radio telemetry, however, I often did solo. Many times it was easier and safer to just do the mission myself (after several thousand hours of this specific kind of work) than to risk the mission by taking an unproven observer a hundred miles from home, only to find out they were a puker. One such flight, I had a young lady assigned to my back seat who I'd never flown with. Long flight, long day, VERY hot (100 degrees F in northern Alaska), low level and convective all day. She seemed to be doing really well, right up until......she yelled into the microphone "Land this F...ing airplane RIGHT NOW!!!!". Now, that will definitely get your attention.

So, I slid over to the Yukon River and landed on a sandbar. We got out of the plane. She wasn't throwing up.....but she was miserable. After half an hour of walking around, she'd managed to stabilize her gyros, we saddled up and took off. At that point, I bagged the mission and headed home. Fifteen or twenty minutes later, the voice from the back came on the intercom again: "Land this F.....ing airplane, RIGHT NOW!!!". I landed on a gravel bar on Preacher Creek. Another half hour of walking around and stabilization.....and we saddled up once more.

Long story short, two more gravel bar landings and a landing on a mine strip got us back to Fairbanks. That poor soul never threw up, but she was one miserable troop, and I was a total mess of nerves by the time we landed at home.

After that, I tried my best to do all telemetry flights in warm weather either with a known observer, or by myself.

Then, there was the observer who puked on EVERY flight. We'd land, he'd stabilize, we'd take off and he'd be good for the rest of the day.....go figure why you'd want to do that regularly, but he did....for the better part of 12 years, regularly. He was the only known puker I'd regularly fly missions with, because I knew we'd get the mission done in any case.

MTV
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Mike,

You're work was way too interesting. The oil companies knew who would and who wouldn't puke and sent the latter. Front seat helped and some handled controls pretty well.

I tried to fly with students before taking them on the pipeline. Very few problems on main lines and I flew gathering systems only with patrol company employees.

I think front seat and handling controls makes a world of difference. Also energy management keeps wing loading low so we don't get the high g roller coaster effect. Situational awareness by features on the ground rather than just horizon becomes normal quickly. We have experienced that just walking around in the mountains.

Jim
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Jim,

You're absolutely right that front seat and handling the controls makes all the difference.

But Huskys and Cubs only have one front seat, and no non pilot is touching the controls when I'm maneuvering low or in the rocks. I've done some instructing low level, and in the rocks, but not with non pilots. And one of those....a Commercial rated pilot, managed to kill the engine AND stop the prop on a Cub at three hundred feet agl.
Then just sit there, looking straight ahead.....

So........
"Okay, now, I want you to put your left hand on the ignition switch, and turn that switch to the far right.....I've got the throttle." I stopped on the way home from that flight and had a double.

MTV
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Just for clarification, I know of no normal category configured aircraft certified for spins, and I believe that is a matter of definition from AC 61-67 or whatever it was outlining the airworthiness definition.
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Re: Stall spin scenario

lesuther wrote:Just for clarification, I know of no normal category configured aircraft certified for spins, and I believe that is a matter of definition from AC 61-67 or whatever it was outlining the airworthiness definition.


How about the model 7AC Aeronca Champ? Normal category, and intentional spins are approved, as are rolls, including snap rolls. Or any of the early Luscombe aircraft......

Some of these very old designs were certificated in the normal category, yet approved for spins, BUT, do some serious research.

And, before you go out and try some aerobatic maneuvers in your Champ or ???, consider that ALL these airframes are many decades old and well worn and used today. Maybe aerobatics isn't such a great idea.....

MTV
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Great examples. I wonder what other models are certified for spins in the normal category.
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Re: Stall spin scenario

Thanks for sharing your survey experiences MTV. I had a guy this summer starting too feel poorly on an eagle survey in a cub on floats. Landed, let him walk around. He asked what he should do to make sure if he puked it didn't cause any trouble...I told him instead of puking, to just let me know as soon as he felt uneasy and we'd land again...easier to prevent it before it hits...

...no fun when the observer is unwell. For anyone...


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