Backcountry Pilot • Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

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Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

In the today’s (Wednesday, October 15, 2014) edition of the Washington Post newspaper there was an extensive article titled ” Dangerous Terrain” which describes how even in 2014 much of the current mapping data for AK is terribly antiquated and WRONG . Mountains one mile out of place, streams flowing up hill, and missing ridges are just some of the problems mentioned.

Pilot and Anchorage surgeon Dr. James Eule talks about the death of two colleagues Alex Stack and Aric Beane and how " Ifsar later measured the final ridge 263 feet higher than Stack’s GPS would have shown that day. The plane slammed into rock about 300 feet below the ridgeline, rescuers said — close enough to suggest the bad map may have made a difference. Stack, 38, and Beane, 33, died on impact........ "

The president of an Anchorage based mapping agency named E-Terra is quoted as saying:

" Mars is better mapped than the state of Alaska "

Here is the link:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/ ... story.html

Some of the more interesting portions of the article include:

Alaska, it turns out, has never been mapped to modern standards. While the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is constantly refining its work in the lower 48 states, the terrain data in Alaska is more than 50 years old, much of it hand-sketched from black-and-white stereo photos shot from World War II reconnaissance craft and U-2 spy planes.

Errors abound. Locals tell of mountains as much as a mile out of place. Streams flow uphill, and ridges are missing because a cloud happened by when the photo was taken.

“Mars is better mapped than the state of Alaska,” said Steve Colligan, president of E-Terra, an Anchorage mapping firm that specializes in aviation safety. Thanks to the Pentagon, the wilds of Asia and the Middle East are better mapped, too.


*************************************** and ***************************************

Because Alaska is so badly mapped, the project kicked off there in the summer of 2010 using ifsar, which is slightly less accurate than lidar but cheaper and able to penetrate clouds. Within months, however, Republicans had won the U.S. House and begun squabbling with President Obama over government spending. The 3-D program has since struggled to gain a toehold in the federal budget as gridlocked policymakers have repeatedly rubber-stamped old spending priorities in quickie budget bills, known as continuing resolutions, or CRs.


*************************************** and ***************************************

Alaska pilots are 36 times as likely to die as the average U.S. worker, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The state has few roads, so everything and everybody has to travel in small planes capable of landing on remote runways. Alaska has roughly six times as many pilots per capita as the rest of the nation.

And they are usually flying in conditions that are inherently dangerous. The weather is brutal and hard to predict. The rugged and badly mapped terrain leads to a particularly deadly kind of crash called “controlled flight into terrain,” which in Alaska means the pilot has flown a perfectly good plane at full speed into the side of a mountain.


It is an interesting article for sure. Bush Pilot Lars Gleitsman, a geologist is also prominently mentioned. I majored in geology myself so I can say " Go LARS !! " . :D

In the final analysis, at least for now, maybe that glass panel still needs to be viewed with a bit of caution...at least in the Aloha state of Alaska. Fly into terrain due to bad GPS terrain data and it is Aloha to you.
Denali offline
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

My old outfit, an older version of the current Yute Air Alaska, was one of the first Part 135 carriers in the state to get the 1st generation Capstone equipment. And my old Sled was the first in Kotzebue to have it that far north, with the Apollo GPS driving the MX-20 MFD.

It was a real learning experience for me. First, the MX-20 was light years ahead of what I'd used before, and my biggest initial problem was learning not to incorporate the display into my instrument scan. Once a second refresh on the display is way too slow, and I looked like a drunken sailor wallowing around in the muck until I learned to ignore it as part of keeping the airplane upright. Track up arc does not a DG make no matter how pretty it is.

The second issue was the terrain database. It was off. Not glaringly by miles and miles. But the small stuff was wrong. It took lots and lots of daily use and really paying attention to get to where I trusted it to get me squeezed down close to the terrain in the bad wx. A chunk of rock 1/2 mile off in accuracy on the display can be a really nasty surprise when it pops out of the fog and snow at you.

And... The airports locations weren't real usable in the database. It would get close to the airport vicinity, but when you're coming in on a Special, with a mile vis being a big lie, that is not gonna cut it. I ended up putting the actual end of each runway for each airport I flew to on a daily basis, into the user database and then set the CDI to the actual runway heading. THEN, following the purple line in got easy.

Gump
Last edited by GumpAir on Wed Oct 15, 2014 7:35 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

We have an AFS EFIS display in the Rans. I believe it uses mapping from Dynon. I'm not sure where they source it.

In our little area the terrain is fairly accurate. The airport location and runway layout is precise. With synthetic vision turned on, one could successfully takeoff and land with blacked out windows given the proper amount of practice. I will not and do not advocate for such, but that does not change the fact that it is that precise.

I'm all for an upgrade in mapping though. Alaska has always been happy to spend federal money. :-)
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

How times have changed and the reason why I don't complain too much today...

Just a kid with a fresh Commercial licence in my hand four day old ink, got out of the DC3 on Banks Island in the Arctic for my first job on a Super Cub with CGG Companie Generale de Geophysique. For my first flight half hour after my arrival the camp boss handed me an aviation chart with a circular black line north of Aklavik: in the blank white space the words "This area not charted" Turned around to run back to the DC3 but he was rolling for take off. Went back four summers.
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Think it was the same for a bunch of us on here. And we had it good compared to the REAL pioneering bush pilots who paved the way with pretty much nothing.

Gump
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

I suppose just flying up and down the Dalton Highway (also called "The Haul Road" re the Alaska pipeline) is another option :D .

The idea of a faulty database feeding beautiful images onto a synthetic vision glass panel is kind of scary.
Since EAB avionics are always way more affordable than certified TSO stuff, maybe there will be TFR Terrain Following Radar package that can added to the panel and warn of actual "situations or deals" should things get too hairy re insufficient altitude or direction. TFR can help to maintain a reasonably constant height above the ground. Here is a link to that sort of technology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain-following_radar
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

When we were getting the displays certified for Capstone II in Alaska... I got to compare the actual rocks with those on the synthetic vision on a daily basis. Both in Alaska and the lower 48. Mountains around Telluride were favorites.
The first few times the peaks were not where they were supposed to be, I went running to the engineers and they just rolled their eyes.
I learned first hand that accuracy translates to dollars. Though the hardware was being provided to part 135 operators at no cost in South East Alaska... the basis for the terrain data was flawed. It surprises me that it has taken all these years for that truth to be published.
In Anchorage one year, a company showed up with accurate terrain available... and sold by the square kilometer. The FAA deemed it too expensive to consider for Capstone II. So, in the end, the displays we watched were faster to draw the wrong picture than what Gump had. Progress is slow in aviation. Primarily why I have defected to experimental aircraft and avionics for the latter part of my career.
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Denali wrote:I suppose just flying up and down the Dalton Highway (also called "The Haul Road" re the Alaska pipeline) is another option ]


:lol: I've tried that a couple times. The pipeline runs up the hill into the fog and gloom, and you sit there in your aeroplane and ponder, "I wonder how far I can poke my nose into this before I whack something?"

Then fear and common sense take over, and ya gotta do some of that pilot stuff.

Gump
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

I'm astonished that the "survivor" of that Alaska Range pass gig seems to think that those guys in the Beaver should have been able to safely fly through that pass using a vfr only GPS.

For one thing, that's a narrow pass....which begs the question: How many satellites did they actually have locked up in that GPS? Did the GPS have an external antenna? Bear in mind that the fewer the GPS satellites your GPS sees, the poorer the accuracy of the GPS. And, in a tight pass, 100 meters can easily kill you.

If you're flying VFR, especially PVFR, you'd damn well better KNOW where you are, not by reference to a GPS, but by reference to your brain.

For those that argue that GPS is now used for IFR regularly, take a look at the safeguards that are built in to that system. It's not the same as VFR.

As to flying the Dalton Highway, Atigun Pass has been the end of a number of pilots dumb enough to believe that's actually a pass, when in fact, Anaktuvuk Pass is just a few miles to the west, and is a big, wide open pass, with a great airport right at the top, and plenty of room to turn around.

If you can't see MUCH while flying, you'd best know exactly where you are, and have a good plan for getting the hell back to where you can see. That's how you stay alive in aviation. If you're going into a pass, you need to be able to see what's on the other side, or be able to turn around in that pass. If you aren't skilled enough to turn around in that pass, you shouldn't be flying in it.

MTV
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

mtv wrote:...If you're flying VFR, especially PVFR, you'd damn well better KNOW where you are, not by reference to a GPS, but by reference to your brain....

Okay I had to look up PVFR and found two different definitions. I don't think I need to "pretend" to know which one Mike meant. I for one will not use GPS altitude as a definitive value. Right off my home airport, here in Texas, there is some kind of GPS blackhole, where while in it the GPS altitude is off by over 300 feet, and off in the bad direction.
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

PVFR: Pretend Visual Flight Rules: A condition of flight wherein the pilot is operating under Visual Flight Rules (and often perfectly legal with reference to the FAR), but he/she can't SEE anything by which to navigate or maintain orientation.

Operating under these conditions has killed a large number of individuals in Alaska and elsewhere.

MTV
Last edited by mtv on Fri Oct 17, 2014 9:55 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Pretend is right. You're floating in a milk bottle. Motionless, with the occasional optical illusion drifting by.

It will kill you very dead in seconds if you try and fly it VFR.

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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

mtv wrote:PVFR: Pretend Visual Flight Rules: A condition of flight wherein the pilot is operating under Visual Flight Rules (and often perfectly legal with reference to the FAR), but he/she can't SEE anything by which to navigate or maintain orientation.

Operating under these conditions has killed a large nip umber of individuals in Alaska and elsewhere.

MTV


Modest Mike wrote a great article about it last year:

https://www.backcountrypilot.org/featur ... ngle-pilot
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Modest Mike wrote a great article about it last year:

https://www.backcountrypilot.org/featur ... ngle-pilot[/quote]


Great article!
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

Colleen Mondor wrote a great rebuttal to some of the idiotic claims in that Post article:

http://www.adn.com/article/20141024/bet ... us-terrain

MTV
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Re: Killer Terrain Data: Mars is Better Mapped than Alaska.

@ MTV

Thanks for posting the follow up article. The second article I think helps to put the whole thing into better perspective.I shutter to think what it was like to have been in that Beaver, in the soup, staring at the small screen of a hand held GPS.

I guess if you don't have your IFR ticket yet, decent currency, and maybe 500 hours, having a panel with a 10 inch synthetic vision set up would be the next best thing should you unintentionally find yourself in horrible terrain facing IMC conditions. Of course a Beaver being a certified not experimental aircraft, avionics all cost a pretty penny.

I am not there yet, so I'll just keep my feet on the ground when there is any chance of it getting dicey.

IMC = I'm Chicken :D
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