I’ve been an Aeroleds fan since they first launched and install all their stuff on pretty much every airplane I work on with great success. I think their performance is top notch, but to me, their biggest value proposition are the Aeroleds people and their stand up customer service.
I should also say that while I’ve flown a bunch with the older Parmetheus lamps, I have limited experience with the latest generation of WAT lamps (only a ferry flight here and there.) Aeroleds is also a sponsor of BCP so I am biased due to their support of this forum. I was not asked to write this nor am being compensated… I just dig these guys and love to help them out.
Last month the dealers got a note about a new light, which they announced on Monday. The lamp is called the Sunspot 36LXi and competes against the Whelen G3.
As opinionated as I am, I like to think I have an open mind, always looking for the “best” stuff… but I have to say that the lamp industry is pretty confusing with all the terms that are bandied about… Lumens, candela, lux, watts…. yikes. It seems like different manufacturers tend to use whatever unit that falls in their favor to qualify and quantify why their lamp is the best.
So, the 36LXi… I’m always interested with innovation and new products, but when I saw that their new lamp was going from a candela of 65k to 140k (more than double) I was keen to learn more... sounded better right???
With respect to Aeroleds and landing/taxi lights, I have always used and installed their premium lamp, which in their latest 14v iteration (as I understand it) is the Sunspot 36-4313,4314 (landing/taxi) with integrated pulse. This is a 95w lamp with an internal solid state pulse feature (no separate dongle needed.) Aeroleds states a candela of 150k with a 20x20 beam profile. By all standards, this is an expensive lamp compared to the lower end LEDs as well as being more expensive than what I assume is the WAT competitor to the 4313, the Parmetheus Pro. $499 vs $650 respectively.
But what to pick and how to compare apples to apples?
In their literature, WAT says that their Parmetheus Pro landing light has a candela of 101k. They don't disclose the watts, but at 14v with a draw of 1.7amps, we presume that this is a 23w bulb. The Pro literature doesn't disclose a beam pattern, but their other lamp, the “Plus” states 10 degrees, so we might presume that the “Pro” is similar? If this is the case, the Pro at 10 degrees vs the Aeroleds at 20 is interesting. Apples to apples, it appears that the Aeroleds has higher candela with a wider pattern, which is done, in some part (I presume) with more wattage. 95w (for 14v) vs 23w, thus we assume more overall lumens?
As I understand it, WAT doesn't currently make a Pro taxi lamp, for that you presumably run the Plus lamp, which has a candela of 15k with a 40 degree pattern. Again, they don't market the wattage, but at 14v and 1.36amps the math says it's a 19w lamp. One could also run the new Parmethues G3 Taxi, which is considerably brighter than the Plus, but more on that below. Incidentally, Aeroleds does make a premium taxi light, which in contrast, like the landing light, is a 95w (for 14v) lamp with a 40 degree horizontal pattern. Even though this lamp has the same wattage as their landing light, the candela is less, 50k vs/ 150k. This is because of the wide beam... Wider beam with same wattage means less candela.
Let’s be clear, by no means am I an expert, maybe even a Holiday Inn patron, but the more I try to learn, the more I find myself getting confused with how to understand what the right light is for me and my mission. I’m also not implying that more wattage equals a better lamp, as this is just one component. Reflector geometry and lamp design have a lot do do with quantification of “brightness,” but thats beyond what I will go into here.
I should also take a second to say that when we talk about lumens, we are talking about the raw potential of the light, or total amount of light produced by a source. Lux is the total amount of light landing on a surface at a given distance, and a candela (or candle power) is the intensity of the light in a certain direction. [KC HiLites, (2021), Lumens vs Lux vs Candela, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQsfuYSAQBI] But I digress…
When I saw the new figures on the new Aeroleds Sunspot 36 LXi (01-1030-L-A) boasting an increase from a candela of 65k to 140k I was intrigued, but confused. With the 36 LXi around $300 cheaper than their premium 4313,4314 with almost the same candela (140k vs 150k) I found myself asking more questions.
As I mentioned at the onset, the thing I love about Aeroleds is their accessibility and customer service, so I gave Susan Calvin a call to get a better understanding.
I asked her to help me understand the difference in the lights… "if your LXi has almost the same candela, but is $300 cheaper, what is the need for 4313??"
This is when she started to go into how lights were quantified and the difference between candela, lux, lumens, and watts. She explained that the currency of the realm is watts… that it all starts with power. Once a manufacturer decides on the wattage they will use in a lamp, the next step is “how” they will “use” that power. She said that it was just simple math, and that manufacturers could choose different ways to manipulate that power. In the context of the same wattage, narrow beam pattern meant higher candela. Wider pattern meant lower candela… If you wanted to increase the candela AND have a wide pattern, you must increase the power (watts) which meant an overall greater lumen. The downside of course was price point, as the higher the wattage, the more expensive the light was going to be to produce.
They (Aeroleds) had a 45w bulb, and a 95w (for 14v) bulb, but quickly realized that they were missing a product for in between, and that the new LXi was created to fill this niche. (FWIW... Aeroleds has now discontinued the LX (45w bulb) in favor of the new and improved 75w LXi)
Here was the difference… At 75 watts, the LXi used a narrower pattern (14 degrees) to get close to the 95w (for 14v) 4313 with the wider pattern (20 degrees). Yes the two were close in candela, but the 4313 had greater overall lumens along with a wider pattern. This was the reason for the MSRP delta.
For some, a high candela was important. The LXi would now give customers the ability to run a punchy bright beam without breaking the bank. For those that wanted to have maximum lumens AND a wider beam, the 4313 was the choice. According to Susan, The LXi should be considered more of a “spot” beam; narrower concentration of light, where as the 4313 is overall brighter with double the spread. Great for punching way down the runway, but maybe not so good for catching the deer on the sides?
So what about the Parmetheus G3 compared to the new LXi?
As far as I can tell, WAT doesn’t list official numbers on the lamp, only a graph… But on their graph, it looks like the G3 has a candela of around 135k-ish. No published wattage, but at 14v and 3.6 amps, it looks like a 53w lamp. There isn't mention of the beam pattern, but with less wattage and less candela, I'm assuming like the LXi, has a tight beam pattern in order to keep the candela up.
Confused yet?? It's hard to know what statistic to use when comparing, but the interesting thing WAT does bring into the mix is “time."
On their marketing chart, WAT says that their G3 stays brighter over time. This seems to be the value prop and indeed seems like a compelling angle to investigate.
In their brochure, WAT’s G3 goes from the 135k-ish candela to 65k-ish after 45 min. In contrast, WAT says the Aeroleds 4313 after the 45min goes from a candela of 150k to 45k-ish (huge drop for sure). The LXi is not included in the WAT chart as it is brand new. As I understand their marketing materials, WAT’s lights have less candela when you turn them on initially, but end up suffering less from a drop-off over time.
If this time issue is true, this could be pretty important… however, I found myself asking; who is actually in the landing environment for 45 min? Does this test matter?
Ok… yes, with LEDs that wont burn out, we are now encouraged to run with the lamps on all the time for recognition. One could find themselves taking off in the afternoon, flying a 4 hour leg and landing in the dark. If the lamps have been burning that whole time, I surely don't want to be landing with a bulb that is a third less bright than the moment I turned it on!
Interesting yes… but more and more folks are using a pulsed lamp, so does this change the test? Does the bulb diminish if its pulsing?
This idea of “time” with respect to lamp intensity (however quantified) is indeed compelling, and the more I looked the WAT chart, the more I began to question the Aeroleds numbers.
To understand, I again called Susan. “What’s the deal with time? Is this important for Aeroleds, and do your lights really get dimmer over time?”
For this, Susan had me talk to Ryan Edmak, the Aeroleds director of sales. Ryan explained that the important thing to keep in mind is what they call an “isotropic” vs “non-isotropic” testing environment, meaning “with” vs “without” wind.
According to Ryan, if you tested their lights in a shop, on a bench, with no cooling (unlike on an airplane in flight) that their candela would indeed drop… it wasn’t theoretical, it was expected; but that this style of test didn’t mean much as it had no applicability to the real world. He said that when they conduct their tests, they take into account the cooling of the lamp; how the light is actually used in flight; with airflow. When the test is done in this matter, Aeroleds found no appreciable drop.
I personally have not seen this data, but if this is true, this is indeed interesting.
Anyway, I’m not sure I have the big picture yet, and what little I have learned so far makes me want to learn/understand more. Since this is a forum, I’d love to hear what other folks think, or hear of their experiences.
As I mentioned, Aeroleds is a current BCP sponsor, which is one of the reasons I was interested in taking the time to dig into this… Most of us really value this forum, so if a manufacturer makes a good product and stands behind their stuff, we might consider supporting them in return?
I would also encourage Aeroleds to take a moment to chime in. I’d love to hear what they have to say? Anything I’m misunderstanding or got wrong?
There are also members here who have had great experiences with the WAT lights and it would be great to hear those experiences.
FWIW, I did not reach out to WAT for this post and only read their available material on their website, so it's possible I have misinterpreted their material or testing methodology. If the Whelen team is reading and I have something wrong, please set me straight as it would be helpful for all that are interested.
I think if we all could understand how to qualify and quantify some of these products better, we might be able to make more informed decisions.
I would just add this one caveat; although the anecdotal “I’ve been running this for 10 years and have been happy” comments are fun, they really don't mean much when we are contrasting and comparing. Please contribute with substantive info. Perhaps you’ve done side by side testing, or maybe swapped one for another kind of thing… perhaps even experiences with each company or customer service stories?
At any rate, I hope this helps and or sparks a nice discussion.
Greg-
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FWIW… I did some quick poking around the web as I was writing this and found some good info in the following article by Sigma Safety Corp.
Lumens and Lux and Candela, OH MY
There are really 3 main ways to judge the brightness of a light;
1) Lumens – this is the total light that a lighting fixture emits in all directions
2) Candela - this is the light that a fixture emits in a certain direction.
3) Lux – this is the measurement of how much light hits a surface to illuminate it.
LUMENS
Let’s start with Lumens because that is what most people (and companies) use when comparing various scene lights.
As you can see (hopefully) from the diagram above, Lumens show the total amount of light put out from a light source. With LEDs, this gets a bit tricky because most manufacturers use what they call “Raw Lumens“.
I would suggest that this is the most misunderstood term in the scene/work lighting world. What this means is that they haven’t actually measured the light coming out of a fixture. Rather, they are going by the LED manufacturer’s specifications for the LEDs themselves. If Cree (or whatever LED manufacturer) says that each LED emits 100 lumens, and the light manufacturer puts 10 of these LEDs in a fixture, then the manufacturer somewhat erroneously claims a 1000 Lumen output.
The difficulty with this measurement is that there are many factors to the brightness of an LED. For example, even a clear lens can suck up over 10% of the light output. If there are any optics to ‘bend’ the light in any direction, those can consume over 30% of the light. As the LEDs warm up, they can grow dimmer if the heat is not properly removed. So, in an extreme case, a 5000 lumen light can only really put out 2500 lumens. Why do manufacturers do this? First of all, because it’s easy – the manufacturer of the LED gives them the specifications for each LED so the manufacturer of the light simply adds them up and declares a “raw Lumens” number. Second, most manufacturers use this “raw” method so to have an actual Lumen measurement would mean your light is “dimmer” (on paper) than the competitors’. So, everyone tends to use the “raw Lumens” method.
We have had customers buy a 5000 lumen light that is twice the price, thicker, heavier, with a worse warranty, than a 4700 lumen light, just because of that extra 300 lumens. Of course, whether they can tell the difference in intensity of the light on the ground is unknown.
Very few, if any, manufacturers use Candelas for scene/work lights. They are quite common with warning (flashing) lights as that’s what SAE uses to measure a light. In the case of scene lights, however, pretty much no-one uses Candelas. So, let’s skip right over to Lux…
LUX
Lux is the measurement of light on a surface. Lux is the metric version of an older term you’ve probably heard of; foot-candles. Lux is a much more accurate and desirable measurement than Lumens.
You’ve probably seen a photographer with a handheld light meter, putting it beside a model’s face and triggering the flash to see how much light is being splashed on the subject? That photographer is measuring in Lux (they use a different scale, but essentially they are measuring Lux). You’ll note the photographer is not measuring right at the light itself, but rather where the light is hitting.
A Lux is 1 lumen covering 1 square meter. How does that equate to real life? Roughly speaking, 1 lux is about the equivalent of twilight. Your office is probably around 400-500 lux. A dark overcast day would be about 100 lux. Full daylight is 10,000-25,000 lux, and direct sunlight can get up to 100,000 lux.
LUX VS. LUMENS
Clearly, the end goal of scene/work lighting is to light up a working surface. Really, do we care how bright the light on the side of the truck is, as long as it emits the proper amount of working light on the ground?
Here’s an example; Manufacturer “A” has a scene light that uses 10 x 100 Lumen LEDs (according to the LED manufacturer). They put these in a light fixture but put them behind a thick, aggressive lens to “bend” the light down to the ground. Also, they don’t have a great heatsink on the back so the lights dim 25% after they warm up. The manufacturer claims 1000 lumens but at 10′ from the vehicle, the measured light on the ground is 100 lux.
Manufacturer “B” uses 8 of the same LEDs in their light. However, they use a much more efficient optic and power/heat-sink system so that the lights emit 95% of their rated Lumens. When measured at 10′ from the truck, Manufacturer “B’s” light emits 150 lux., yet the manufacturer can only claim 800 Lumens.
Which light is brighter? The one that emits more Lux at the same distance from the light. The Lumens, in this (and many cases) are irrelevant. Generally speaking, a 5000 lumen light will be brighter than, say, a 1000 lumen light. However, a 5000 lumen light may or may not be brighter than a 4700 lumen light, for example. The 4700 lumen light may be more efficient and have better optics so that it’s actually brighter, or at least the same as the 5000 lumen light.
Watts deserves a mention here as well. Can you judge the brightness of a light based on watts? Not at all, especially if you’re talking about LEDs. Watts is simply a matter of how much power a device draws. You could have an efficiently-designed light that draws 60 watts at puts out 400 lux @ 10 meters, or you could have a poorly engineered light that draws 90 watts yet puts out only 200 lux. It’s like trying to estimate the horsepower of a car strictly from its gas consumption numbers.
Another trick some manufacturers will do is to create a ‘hot spot’ in their light pattern to allow them to increase their rated numbers. They measure their light intensity (candelas or Lux) at this bright spot and say “peak intensity = xxxxx”. The keyword there is “peak”.
sigma safety hot spot.jpegIt tells you how bright the brightest part of the beam is, but doesn’t tell you how bright the rest of the light is. Ideally, you want a nice even light pattern with no ‘hot’ spots. Most manufacturers have “polar plots” or other light-pattern drawings that show these kinds of hotspots.
The polar plot here shows a popular LED “flood” light. You’ll note the extreme hotspot in the middle of the light pattern, that is only roughly 30 degrees either side of center, and only about 10 degrees high. It’s certainly not an ideal flood light pattern, but hey – it’s rated at 16,000 lumens and has a draw of 166 watts, so it must be bright, right? Your impression, when you stand in front of it at night, is that it’s a really bright light – and it is…right in the middle.
[Sigma Safety Corp, (2020), Lumens and Lux and Candela, OH MY! https://sigmasafety.ca/news/lumens-lux- ... inate%20it.]
Some helpful videos to understand Lumens, Lux, Watts, Candela




