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Making my plane IFR capable?

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Making my plane IFR capable?

I am working on my instrument rating and hope to have it done in the next 6 months. I want to make my plane IFR capable for two reasons, first is to not have to rent a plane for the flight training, second is so that I can maintain currency without having to rent a plane. Also, having my own plane set up means that I have more selection for flight instructors. I do not intend to fly hard IMC, but I would like to have the knowledge and experience and if needed be able to get in or out in less than VFR conditions. I believe that if I do not have a plane that I can maintain currency in easily, that I will never use it and forget most of it. If I do not maintain currency, why get it in the first place?
I have a '53-180 that is currently all old school panel. My thought is to put a GTN650 in it with a G5 for an indicator head. At some point I am going to have to do ADS-B as well, I do not know what the cheapest route for that is. But that doing it all at once makes sense. Then I start thinking that if I have one G5 for a heading indicator, why not put in a second one for the attitude and remove my vacuum system?
I am throwing this out there to get more opinions on my plan and or options. I am a relatively new pilot.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

Here's a recent thread on a similar subject! A 180 is a great IFR aircraft, and even light IFR capability will enhance what you can do with your airplane. You are right to recognize the importance of maintaining IFR currency, and especially proficiency.

https://backcountrypilot.org/community/forum/latest/practical-minimum-instruments-for-imc-22440
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

Maintenance of legal currency for light IFR capability is counter intuitive. Safety in IMC comes from currency and confidence in IMC. Confidence comes from experience with actual IMC. Legal currency, especially for private pilots, is easier to acquire IMC. Partial confidence, in the clouds, is dangerous.

Of course light IFR can mean light IMC, which is fine. Whether IMC or low level VMC, confidence comes with experience. Using the hood IFR or flying level at 500' VMC doesn't lead to the same level of confidence.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

I highly recommend dumping the vacuum system. I have had several vacuum driven gyro failures in VMC, and it was only a matter of time to have this occur in IMC, which is a frightening prospect. We train for partial panel, but the records indicate that partial panel operations in actual IMC can dunk a less than commendable IFR pilot in pretty deep in a hurry. Compared to modern AHRS systems, vacuum instruments depend on relatively unreliable technology. Confidence in your equipment is VERY important for instrument flying.

In my 180, I'm running a single G5 as an AI, with the rest of the six pack intact (Electric DG). I'm using an older WAAS GPS (Apollo CNX80) with a second NAV/COM (Apollo SL30) for NAV redundancy. It is a great setup for exactly what you describe and I am a little over 12 grand all in.

I considered the GTN 650, but in practice, a CNX80, or Garmin 430W/530W has most of the important IFR functionality, minus the flashy interface for considerably less than half the dough. These push button GPS units are no longer supported by Garmin, so if one goes Tango Uniform, you will be Sierra Oscar Lima. They are, however extremely dependable boxes. Unlike vacuum gyro instruments, I have never been let down by one of these. They have heaps of hours in service with nearly flawless performance.

The iPad running Foreflight coupled with a Stratus type of device is my preferred source for high quality graphics, and volumes of info at the fingertips through a dynamic touch screen interface. It's not legal to use as a primary source for navigation, but as a secondary source, this arrangement improves situational awareness dramatically.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

The acquisition of modern avionics is now in sight. I am trying to figure out the layout of the new panel, with a 650, and two g5's going in, I decided it was better to just build a new panel than hack up the old one. At the same time I can rearrange instruments for better viewing and eliminate some holes in the panel. But, I have some questions that so far I have not gotten an answer on. Currently my clock does not work, does the 650 have a clock, or should I have a stand alone unit? I want to put in a fuel computer as well, it appears the 650 can take input from a transducer, but I am not certain if it does and what units are compatible? Or am I better off having a stand alone fuel computer display rather than relying on the little screen on the 650?

The guy doing the install tells me that I need to put the 650 up in the panel for IFR use, rather than under the panel where the current VFR gps/com radio is. I would like the 650 up in the panel anyway, but now I have a pretty big hole under the panel. Left of the yoke is a com radio and below it the transponder, below that a little box for wig wag and a hole about 1.25" tall and 4" wide. Right side of the yoke is currently the audio panel, below it the vfr gps/ com, and below that a hole where an ADF used to sit. What is a good way to fill those holes? with something useful? Put the fuel computer down there in a small panel of its own?
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

Without an autopilot or a Flap Operater sitting right seat, you're going to want a standard six-pack (or as close as you can get) with your primary NAV/COM as close to "center stack" as possible.

The last thing you want is to have to look under/through your yoke for frequency change or to load a different approach when your inside the IAF or trying to descend and maintain an altitude, heading and airspeed.

Not always a big deal, but when it's turbulent with windhsear and you get:

"N123AB, one-three miles from TULLI, turn right heading 040, descend maintain two thousand until established on the localizer, cleared ILS 7R approach, maintain 115kts until TULLI, caution wake turbulence 9 miles entrail heavy Boeing 747", it's really easy to stop flying and use brain power for the read back rather than execution.

Bottom line, if you are spending the money, do it right. It'll be worth a few extra grand to have an easy scan, single pilot IFR.

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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

I am updating my C180 with pretty much that exact configuration in November of this year. (Dual G5s, GTN 650, and GTX 345 - ADSB transponder). I think it is a great choice after the research I have done. I looked into having a JPI-900 placed with fuel flow and cutting an entire new panel but nearly had a heart attack when I saw the quote. It is expensive enough with just the equipment mentioned above. The standard six pack arrangement is nice but with the dual G5s you really don't need to have anything other than those two units. You can remove the Vacuum system and still have a backup unit because each G5 has it's own backup battery and can default to an attitude indicator in the event of a unit failure. The other advantage I see with the G5s is that they are relatively cheap and my guess is that there will be other products with updated features released by Garmin which could easily be added. The HSI feature with apparently couples nicely to most autopilots. The only real problem with all of this stuff is the expense. I am using pacific coast avionics for the work.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

StillLearning wrote:The acquisition of modern avionics is now in sight. I am trying to figure out the layout of the new panel, with a 650, and two g5's going in, I decided it was better to just build a new panel than hack up the old one. At the same time I can rearrange instruments for better viewing and eliminate some holes in the panel. But, I have some questions that so far I have not gotten an answer on. Currently my clock does not work, does the 650 have a clock, or should I have a stand alone unit? I want to put in a fuel computer as well, it appears the 650 can take input from a transducer, but I am not certain if it does and what units are compatible? Or am I better off having a stand alone fuel computer display rather than relying on the little screen on the 650?

The guy doing the install tells me that I need to put the 650 up in the panel for IFR use, rather than under the panel where the current VFR gps/com radio is. I would like the 650 up in the panel anyway, but now I have a pretty big hole under the panel. Left of the yoke is a com radio and below it the transponder, below that a little box for wig wag and a hole about 1.25" tall and 4" wide. Right side of the yoke is currently the audio panel, below it the vfr gps/ com, and below that a hole where an ADF used to sit. What is a good way to fill those holes? with something useful? Put the fuel computer down there in a small panel of its own?
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

Dog is my Copilot wrote:I am updating my C180 with pretty much that exact configuration in November of this year. (Dual G5s, GTN 650, and GTX 345 - ADSB transponder). I think it is a great choice after the research I have done. I looked into having a JPI-900 placed with fuel flow and cutting an entire new panel but nearly had a heart attack when I saw the quote. It is expensive enough with just the equipment mentioned above. The standard six pack arrangement is nice but with the dual G5s you really don't need to have anything other than those two units. You can remove the Vacuum system and still have a backup unit because each G5 has it's own backup battery and can default to an attitude indicator in the event of a unit failure. The other advantage I see with the G5s is that they are relatively cheap and my guess is that there will be other products with updated features released by Garmin which could easily be added. The HSI feature with apparently couples nicely to most autopilots. The only real problem with all of this stuff is the expense. I am using pacific coast avionics for the work.



The cost does make me wonder if I should just buy a different airplane and get something more suited to cross country IFR flight. But, then I remember I have to park it somewhere, insure it, and maintain it. I do not have an instrument rating, so I can save around $4k by training in my own plane. Once I have a rating and a plane that I can keep current in, I will be far more likely to maintain currency. Without an IFR capable plane, I know I would not keep current.
My plane does not have any NAV radio now, I have two coms and a VFR gps and flight instruments. I like my old school panel, but having more reliable and better equipment that has IFR capabilities might just save my ass some time in the future. Dumping the vacuum system will save me a few pounds and increase reliability. I am cheap, but I like good equipment.
After looking at multiple panel arrangements and then looking behind the panel, is there someone who has a template to where a 650 will fit in a 53? Between the yokes, the lower panel and the defrost duct, its kind of limited.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

I can't answer your specific question about a panel, but here are some general thoughts. I apologize if I am double-tapping on stuff that has already been said.

-- As you redesign your panel for IFR, do it with ergonomics in mind. The less head movement, the better. Instruments you will use a lot should be together as much as possible so you can keep them in your scan. Instruments that require only occasional reference can be further away from the center of your scan.
-- Think about redundancy. For example, I added a jack so I can plug a handheld radio into an aircraft antenna. It gives me better ability to communicate with ATC if I ever have a total electrical failure and am unable to use panel-mounted radios.
-- If I were redoing my panel now, I would probably add a panel-mounted CO detector and a USB charging port. I currently have an old-school stick-on type CO detector and a cigarette lighter plug for charging.
-- I have a hard time finding CFIs that will give me IFR instruction in my 180 (even for safety pilot stuff). Many CFIIs aren't taildragger pilots and are reluctant to or refuse to instruct in an airplane that they can't legally fly. It might be easier to get your rating in a rental airplane and then move over to your 180. By doing this, you might also decide what type of avionics and accouterments you like for flying IFR.
-- I do not use a clock for flying IFR. I know you need one, and I have one... but an IFR GPS pretty much removes the requirement to time a holding pattern or time to the missed approach point. So just do what it takes to get legal and don't sweat this one too much.

I don't know where Basalt is but if you were close to me I'd be happy to fly with you a bit! A 180 is a great cross-country IFR airplane once you get it set up.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

Hey StillLearning -

Keep us posted as you move forward with your panel upgrade. I have a basic IFR setup in my '57 180 and am working on my rating in it. I have a single nav radio, a VOR/LOC/GS indicator and a VFR panel mounted GPS. This is adequate for the checkride, and I'm renting an Arrow for a few hours to get introduced to GPS approach procedures. Adding a WAAS GPS to my airplane would clearly lend a lot more capability, but for the time being I can't justify the cost. Nonetheless, I'd like to see how you end up putting your panel together.

BTW, I might have seen your airplane in Gunnison a little while back. Have you been in there, or am I confusing you with somebody else?
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

StillLearning wrote:
The cost does make me wonder if I should just buy a different airplane and get something more suited to cross country IFR flight. But, then I remember I have to park it somewhere, insure it, and maintain it. I do not have an instrument rating, so I can save around $4k by training in my own plane. Once I have a rating and a plane that I can keep current in, I will be far more likely to maintain currency. Without an IFR capable plane, I know I would not keep current.
My plane does not have any NAV radio now, I have two coms and a VFR gps and flight instruments. I like my old school panel, but having more reliable and better equipment that has IFR capabilities might just save my ass some time in the future. Dumping the vacuum system will save me a few pounds and increase reliability. I am cheap, but I like good equipment.
After looking at multiple panel arrangements and then looking behind the panel, is there someone who has a template to where a 650 will fit in a 53? Between the yokes, the lower panel and the defrost duct, its kind of limited.


Just a little heads up here:

Forget about money. There is NOTHING inexpensive about IFR flying, and the gizmos in your dash are the very least of it. It takes a lot of flight time to stay current...flight time that's not very enjoyable for what it costs.

I know exactly ONE person who has stayed IFR current and safe on his own dime, and dozens who have a ticket and never use it because they got sick and tired of spending the bulk of their flying budget to stare at their panel through foggels and talk to Central. The one person who has stayed current also put a $100k glass panel in his 180 and doesn't have to worry about gas bills...

There is no "light IFR"...either you can fly by looking out the windows or you cannot. Once you cannot, it doesn't matter if it's a quarter mile visibility or zero-zero. When you file with Central there's a level of airmanship you are expected to adhere to, and if you don't you'll be doing an involuntary flight review if you're still alive. It's really not the sort of thing most people can practice an hour or two a month and be proficient at.

Aside from a necessary step in getting my commercial rating, the IFR ticket has done almost nothing to increase my safety or enjoyment of flight. I concluded that small planes and IFR conditions in the mountains of the western US don't mix, and there isn't anywhere with an instrument approach that I want to go to anyway.

That said, I got my IFR ticket with a non-standard panel and instruments strung from here to Tuesday, and only one comm radio. You'll get used to any layout...you just won't be able to transition to another airplane.

Good luck.
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Re: Making my plane IFR capable?

I concluded that small planes and IFR conditions in the mountains of the western US don't mix, and there isn't anywhere with an instrument approach that I want to go to anyway.


I agree with Hammer on this completely. The only advantage of an IFR equipped light airplane is for an emergency and for some specific use cases. I learned in Southern California where flying IFR can actually be useful. There is frequent low stratus clouds in the mornings and evenings that make shooting an ILS or filing IFR to VFR on top helpful for flying more frequently. Up here in the Northwest flying IFR can be very dangerous. The freezing levels are often lower than the MEAs and that usually spells ice. I learned this the hard way years ago when I ran into some convective icing crossing the Cascades. To date my scariest experience in an airplane. For me - I follow the rule of never flying in the clouds at an altitude above the freezing level. I stay current because I occasionally need to shoot an approach under those conditions mentioned. I also enjoy practicing approaches and staying current. I think it makes you a better pilot and can be useful in the event of an emergency.

Is it worth the money I am putting into my panel? Probably not but flying a C180 is not exactly the smartest financial decision.
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