This is an excellent article, Manuel, on the physics of stall/spin base to final turns by those who are indoctrinated into preferring aileron over rudder in turns. Yes, if we try to stay up, maintain altitude, in the base to final turn, we may be lured into actually putting in the amount of rudder we should have put in to begin with to make an energy management turn to target. What is an energy management turn to target? First it is a turn without back pressure on the stick. First it is a turn that allows the designed safety feature of dynamic neutral stability to work. First it is a 1 g turn of whatever bank angle necessary to capture the centerline extended. Second it is a turn that recognizes that there is no coordination of aileron and rudder (why do we say it that way) without leading rudder to prevent the nose from going the wrong way (adverse yaw) initially. The almost unrecognizable just a bit the wrong way doesn't show up (wing wagging) until on short final when the student is actually now wanting to land in the center of the runway and in error thinks he needs to turn rather than yaw correctly to bracket the target (tail wagging.)
No, I understand that most pilots are not trained this way and thus this is not going to happen. What is going to happen with most pilots who have been indoctrinated into limiting bank angle rather than allowing the nose to go down as it wishes is that they are neither going to lead rudder in any turn nor use enough bank angle to capture the target in time. When they bank, the nose goes the wrong way initially (adverse yaw) and they then correct with rudder for coordination in the shallow and probably still slipping a bit bank. Slipping banks to not put the nose onto target smartly. Slipping banks a slow and inefficient. Slipping banks and maintaining altitude are not what the airplane wants to do naturally.
Yes, the go around way back there five miles out while trying to maintain altitude is the only safe solution to the skidding spin base to final turn problem for those who do not fly the way the safety of airplane design, the way the airplane, expects the pilot to fly. So, while not skidding to bring the nose around without losing altitude will tip the pilot off that the limited bank is not going to capture the centerline extended, the proper lead rudder and apply sufficient aileron to bank as necessary to capture the centerline while releasing all back pressure is not going to happen in most cases.
Finally neither the slipping spin with the up wing dropping nor the skidding spin with the down wing going under is often recoverable after startle delay. Finally, just a coordinated turn stall is generally not recoverable after startle delay.
Could the real solution be to just let the airplane do what it naturally wants to do in all turns in the pattern? The design of the airplane is to fly, and not to stall. The airplane cannot stall itself. A pilot pulling on the stick is required. The critical angle of attack is when it stalls, not why. A pilot pulling on the stick is required. An unloaded wing which is not stalled cannot spin. No pilot pulling on the stick, no stall. No stall, no spin.
Anyway, an excellent article on the physics. Human factors complicate things. The way we are trained may complicate things. Indoctrination, when it does not counter the design safety features of the airplane, is generally good. In the case of indoctrination to maintain altitude in turns, we are setting our students up for failure in my opinion. I have experienced no problem flying by reference to instruments that way because of the Instrument Flight Rules that legally protect airspeed, altitude, procedural track. As a helicopter gunship pilot and a crop duster in piston airplanes that could not power through steep turns, I learned not to maintain altitude at all cost in turns. That would have been fatal.
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