Backcountry Pilot • Short field landing

Short field landing

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Re: Short field landing

Vick wrote:
hotrod150 wrote:I guess I'm not sure exactly what is meant by "behind the power curve". If lift/drag max is best glide speed, I'm definitely slower than (left of?) that in the scenario I described. "In order to slow down you have to add power" sounds to me like below power-off stall speed.

How about a (better) definition of "behind the power curve"?


Think about it this way, to the right of L/D max pitch sets your A/S and power controls rate of descent (ROD)- just as you said. If you want to fly a slower approach you pitch to capture your desired speed and then adjust throttle to maintain your desired ROD. This will work, in theory, down to L/D max. Once you go to the left of L/D max (also known as "behind the curve" or the region of reverse command) the drag generated by the AOA needed to maintain your desired speed increases dramatically in proportion to the generated lift. So to capture an even slower speed you would have to ADD power to supplement the lift generated by the wing - without additional power you wouldn't be able to maintain your desired airspeed without incurring an undesirably high, or possibly even fatal if you were deep enough in the stall, ROD.

So, again in theory, if you were to determine that you needed to fly an approach at speed X in order to stop on the available landing surface, and speed X is below your L/D max, you would have to fly a behind the curve approach to attain speed X which means you would have to carry power to overcome the drag induced at the necessary AOA. Clear as mud?

This is well precedented in carrier aviation - for example the A-6 and EA-6 flew behind the curve approaches intentionally. In their case it wasn't to get sufficiently slow, it was to keep the engines throttled up sufficiently such that they could maintain the precise glide slope required and ensure they had quick throttle response if they had to wave off. Those old turbo motors had abysmal spool up time from idle.

Image


Just thinking out loud.

Wouldn't we have to include, overlay, the POWER CURVE as well.

We all operate safely left of the drag curve all the time, Vx for example.

The real danger, at least for MOST piston aircraft, is running out of available POWER to recover.
Or, operating behind the POWER CURVE, not so much the drag curve.

What do you think? :D
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Re: Short field landing

WSH wrote:Just thinking out loud.

Wouldn't we have to include, overlay, the POWER CURVE as well.

We all operate safely left of the drag curve all the time, Vx for example.

The real danger, at least for MOST piston aircraft, is running out of available POWER to recover.
Or, operating behind the POWER CURVE, not so much the drag curve.

What do you think? :D


Good insight WSH. Remember that in level, unaccelerated flight lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.

So the drag curve roughly equals the thrust/power curve. The discussion becomes more involved when you break it down between jet and prop aircraft, even moreso when you start talking about the differences between max range and max endurance, but for our purposes the total drag curve is the power required curve.

As to running out of power to recover, see my earlier comment stating just that. The more excess power you have available the further to the left you'll be able to fly. If you're talking about flying a stabilized approach you are maintaining a descent rate (not in level, unaccelerated flight) which will eventually have to be arrested. If you're on the back side of the curve you wouldn't be able to flare so you'd have arrest the descent with power, so you have to have more power available beyond what it takes to fly your stabilized approach.
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Re: Short field landing

Went today and practiced with my instructor.
This is how we did it.
Slow flight 60mph full flaps , some power ,rate of descend was about 500ftpm once over the landingd spot at 3ft high or so,cut all power and raise flaps and we stopped in 100ft 150ft max.
Now wasnt too smooth landing but not horrible either but short for sure.
It was a lot of fun.
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Re: Short field landing

motoadve wrote:once over the landing spot at 3ft high or so,cut all power and raise flaps and we stopped .


Try ADDING power smoothly at that 3 ft spot, pull back on the yoke to slow down even more in ground effect but not back so far as to gain any altitude, then slooooooolwy ease back on the throttle and let down until the wheels touch. You might be surprised at how slow you can actually get the airplane.

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Re: Short field landing

At the 3ft we come with power, should I just not cut power but reduced it smoothly? Or touch down with thet power and cut at the time the wheels touch down?
If I add power I will miss the landing spot wont I?
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Re: Short field landing

On the rough stuff you want to touch the ground as smoothly and slowly as possible. By adding power and pulling back on the elevator in ground effect you slow your airspeed (and groundspeed) even more. Use the throttle to EASE the airplane onto the ground, not drop it. Once you get the hang of it, you'll find that you can hold the airplane a few inches off the ground with ASI basically reading zero, and touch your wheels exactly where you want to.

Go out with you instructor and practice some slow flight down the runway in ground effect. It's fun practice, and after a while you'll learn to judge where to flare, and where to set the wheels on the ground.

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Re: Short field landing

Here's an old thread on ground effect operations.

viewtopic.php?f=6&t=1535

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Re: Short field landing

Great thread. Gump is right on and summed up well what I remember reading from Sparky. However, I don't think I had heard the idea of adding power in ground effect. Makes perfect sense! Can't wait to go try it out. Thanks for the tip!! =D>
Last edited by Grassstrippilot on Sat Nov 20, 2010 10:51 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Short field landing

Grassstrippilot wrote:Great thread. Gump is right on and summed up well what I remember reading from Sparky. However, I don't think I had heard the idea of adding power in ground effect. Makes perfect sense! Can't wait to go try it out. Thanks for the tip!! =D>
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Re: Short field landing

Vick wrote:..... Remember that in level, unaccelerated flight lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.......


Hopefully thrust more than equals drag, or else you're not going anywhere...... :lol:
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Short field landing

That's true for takeoff hotrod, but once you're trimmed out in level flight with the throttle set thrust/power equals drag. If it exceeded drag you would continue to accelerate until they they became equal.
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Re: Short field landing

For those of you who would prefer to SEE a demonstration of an approach into an alleged ‘no go around’ strip I recommend that you get a copy of the Idaho Exposed DVD.

Go to the Cabin Creek section and watch the 182 that comes with a power on approach and uses more power to slow the descent, flare, power off, and squat in the grass. In my view it is one of the better video examples of a short strip approach. :shock: =D>

Cheers

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Re: Short field landing

I made it out twice this last week and gave this a try. It worked really well. The second time I had my wife keep an eye on the ground speed while I added power in the flare. She said it dropped of quickly. Now I just have to go practice some more to get the timing down so I can still hit the spot I'm aiming for. I was flaring a tad too high and floated past my intended touchdown point. A little practice should fix this without too much problem I think.

Thanks again for the tip!
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Re: Short field landing

=D> =D>
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Re: Short field landing

Trimtab wrote:182 that comes with a power on approach and uses more power to slow the descent, flare, power off, and squat in the grass.


Squatting is exactly how it feels when it all comes together. The airplane just squats down, and quits moving. It's gentle, easy on the gear (and pax), and you use minimal landing area. Now all you gotta do is figure out how to get out of where you just landed.

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Re: Short field landing

GumpAir wrote:
Trimtab wrote:182 that comes with a power on approach and uses more power to slow the descent, flare, power off, and squat in the grass.


Squatting is exactly how it feels when it all comes together. The airplane just squats down, and quits moving. It's gentle, easy on the gear (and pax), and you use minimal landing area. Now all you gotta do is figure out how to get out of where you just landed.

Gump


New thread! New thread! :lol:
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Re: Short field landing

Ok, I have read a few of the responces to your short field landing questions and have not seen one I like yet. I have a lot of 180 time and have landed it in less than 300 ft over 1000 times with this safe and consistent technique. Go fly your 182 at 50 mph with full flaps and hold altitude and you will notice that it is flying fairly level. Now reduce your manifold pressure to get a 500 ft per min decent and get the feel of that. Now pull back on the yoke just enough to reduce your decent to 200 ft. Now this is the amount of yoke movment "from 500ft to 200ft" that you MUST remember, more later on this. Now go to a airport with a marked threshhold or numbers ect to focus on. Here we go , get out on a little bit on a high final and settle into that 50 mph no decent attitude and "DO NOT" move your yoke for pitch "At All" then pull your power back to 500 ft drop per min as practiced , still not moving the yoke. You want to pretend that you are on a string aimed for 75ft before the intended touchdown area. Adjust to stay on the string with throttle only. At 20 ft AGL pull your yoke back that amount that you practiced for the 200 ft then freeze your yoke again and let the airplane fly gently onto the ground right where you wanted to. Dont chase the flare around. You wont believe now consistent this technique is and the airplane will never bounce. You need to get on the brakes right away and pull back on the yoke all the way below about 30 mph . Bet you use less than 400 ft the first try.
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Re: Short field landing

How much of a risk is one of these high-power, high-AoA landings to a typical GA taildragger? How does dragging the tailwheel through the rough and risking having the mains slam on (either from the tailwheel catching on rough ground, soft ground, pulling power off too quickly to land short, etc) compare to beating everything up on a slightly faster touchdown, but without thumping the mains on (intentionally or accidentally)? Judging from my flight school having had multiple tail strikes (presumably from excessively nose high take offs or landings), how much does this help the typical nosedragger before you get to an attitude that puts the tail even with the mains?
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Re: Short field landing

If done properly, short/soft field work is gentle and the tires kiss the ground, and there is no slamming of anything. The energy and force on the gear is exponential with speed. And a even five knot increase is touchdown speed can mean a significant increase in landing distance. It all boils down to precision and feel.

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Re: Short field landing

All the other stuff is interesting, but when it comes to the rubber meeting the ground Gump sums it up.
I use a stabilized "flat wing" descent at minimal controllable airspeed with power to control rate of descent. Slip as needed in special circumstances. Small pop of power during flare.
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